Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is an inherited cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein in the blood. It is similar to LDL (“bad” cholesterol), but contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a). High Lp(a) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with a higher risk of heart attack and stroke¹.
Lp(a) levels are largely determined by genetics and usually remain relatively stable throughout life. This means Lp(a) can be elevated even in people who follow a healthy lifestyle and have normal LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels. High Lp(a) usually causes no symptoms, so a blood test is the only way to know your level¹.
🔍 What is a healthy Lp(a) level?
- Low risk: <30 mg/dL
- Intermediate: 30–50 mg/dL
- High: ≥50 mg/dL — considered a cardiovascular risk-enhancing factor²
Current guidelines recommend measuring Lp(a) at least once in adulthood. Testing is particularly important for people with a personal or family history of premature cardiovascular disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, or a family history of elevated Lp(a)²³.
Lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and weight loss have little effect on Lp(a) itself. If Lp(a) is elevated, the focus is therefore on reducing overall cardiovascular risk by managing other modifiable factors, including LDL-C, blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes²³.
Lp(a) should not be interpreted on its own. Its significance depends on the Lp(a) level and your overall cardiovascular risk, including age, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, diabetes, smoking, family history, and existing cardiovascular disease²³.
Sources:
1. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/genetic-conditions/lipoprotein-a 2. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/42/4359/8234482 3. https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/2026-guideline-on-the-management-of-dyslipidemia