Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) Blood Test

Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by the human body to eliminate foreign substances and combat infections, including viruses, bacteria, or parasites.

These antibodies are synthesized by specific white blood cells called B-cells. Each group of identical cells produces a distinct immunoglobulin. However, in certain situations, a group of cells may become overactive, producing excessive amounts of one type of immunoglobulin. This imbalance can compromise the immune system's effectiveness against infections.

Normal Ranges (Adult):

IgG: 6.0 - 16.0g/L IgA: 0.8 - 3.0g/L IgM: 0.4 - 2.5g/L

Symptoms of Deficiency:

A deficiency in IgG, IgA, or IgM may manifest as frequent or severe infections.

Causes of Elevated Levels:

Allergies Chronic infections Autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, celiac disease) Liver disease

Causes of Elevated IgG, IgA, or IgM Levels:

IgG: Marked polyclonal elevation seen in HIV, Sjögren's, and Sarcoidosis, Multiple sclerosis. IgA: Associated with pulmonary and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, certain autoimmune conditions, liver disease, and plasma cell disorders, chronic infection. IgM: Elevated in primary biliary cirrhosis, acute infection, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), tuberculosis (TB).

Causes of Low IgG and IgM Levels:

Low IgG levels may be attributed to an underlying disease, complications from a chronic illness, medication side effects, or even a genetic condition present from birth.

This blood test helps assess the overall health of the immune system by measuring the levels of specific immunoglobulins. If you experience symptoms indicative of an immunoglobulin deficiency or if your levels are outside the normal ranges, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.